ICM 2026 Invited Section Lecture - Laure Zanna

Towards Bridging The Gap Between Data-Driven and Theoretical Turbulence Closures in Stratified Flows Developing turbulence closures remains one of the most challenging problems in fluid dynamics. Turbulence closure models are essential for solving the equations of motion in realistic systems, where fully resolving all relevant scales of motion is computationally infeasible. The Navier–Stokes equations, when filtered to isolate large-scale motions, introduce new terms representing the influence of subgrid-scale turbulent stresses. These terms, which can only be computed directly by resolving the turbulence itself, therefore lead to the closure problem: we must add new equations or introduce assumptions to relate the unresolved scales of motions to the resolved flow. Here we consider the closure problem for oceanic flows, i.e., stratified, Boussinesq, incompressible on a rotating frame of reference. In particular, we focus on a closure for ocean mesoscale eddies, which have horizontal scales of 10-100km and are key to the redistribution of momentum, energy, and tracers in the ocean. In particular, mesoscale eddies can reinject energy and momentum into the large-scale flow through an inverse energy cascade. Specifically, we will explore a range of ocean mesoscale closures - theoretical and data-driven - and explore their connection using analysis and data-driven methods. This talk aims to bridge the gap between novel methods in AI and machine learning and theoretical fluid dynamics to address significant challenges in the physics of turbulence. Uploaded 05-10-26